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| 【科普】地下水污(wu)染，你了解(jie)多少？ |
| 發表時間：2022-12-28 13:46:07 作者(zhe)：admin |
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地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)，這(zhe)個隱藏(zang)在(zai)我們腳下(xia)的寶藏(zang)，約占(zhan)地(di)(di)球液態淡水(shui)總量(liang)的99%。由于地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)聚集在(zai)我們腳下(xia)的巖石、土壤中，看不見、摸不著，我們常常忽視這(zhe)一重要的資(zi)源。
地(di)下水的(de)(de)形成過程到底是怎樣(yang)的(de)(de)？它(ta)又為何(he)如此重要？地(di)下水監測(ce)工作(zuo)是如何(he)開展的(de)(de)？這就帶你一探(tan)究竟！
什么是(shi)地下水
地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，是指(zhi)賦存于地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)巖石空隙中(zhong)(zhong)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，狹義上(shang)是指(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)飽和(he)含水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)層中(zhong)(zhong)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。在國家標(biao)準《水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)術語(yu)》中(zhong)(zhong)，地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是指(zhi)埋(mai)藏在地(di)(di)(di)表以(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)各種形(xing)式(shi)的重力水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)可簡單分(fen)為淺層地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)深(shen)層地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，目前地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)飲用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)主(zhu)要取(qu)自深(shen)層地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。
什么是地下(xia)水環境監測井
地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)環境(jing)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)井是(shi)為準確把握地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)環境(jing)質量狀況和(he)(he)地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)體中(zhong)污染物的動態分(fen)(fen)布變化情況而設立的。地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)環境(jing)監(jian)(jian)測(ce)井通常包含(han)井口保(bao)護裝置、井壁管(guan)(guan)、封隔止水(shui)(shui)層、濾水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)、圍(wei)填(tian)濾料、沉(chen)淀(dian)管(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)井底(di)等組成部分(fen)(fen)。按設立目的可分(fen)(fen)為簡易監(jian)(jian)測(ce)井和(he)(he)標(biao)準監(jian)(jian)測(ce)井；按井結(jie)構可分(fen)(fen)為單(dan)(dan)管(guan)(guan)單(dan)(dan)層監(jian)(jian)測(ce)井、單(dan)(dan)管(guan)(guan)多層監(jian)(jian)測(ce)井、巢式監(jian)(jian)測(ce)井和(he)(he)叢(cong)式監(jian)(jian)測(ce)井等。
簡易監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)井(jing)是為了進行臨(lin)時性(xing)調查，初步確定污(wu)染(ran)范(fan)圍和污(wu)染(ran)物種類所(suo)設立的臨(lin)時性(xing)環境(jing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)井(jing)。標準環境(jing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)井(jing)是為了連續(xu)、長期(qi)對有(you)代表性(xing)的地下水點(dian)位進行水質監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)所(suo)設立的長期(qi)性(xing)環境(jing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)井(jing)。單(dan)(dan)管單(dan)(dan)層(ceng)(ceng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)井(jing)指(zhi)在一(yi)個(ge)(ge)鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔內(nei)安(an)裝單(dan)(dan)根井(jing)管監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)單(dan)(dan)一(yi)目(mu)(mu)標含(han)水層(ceng)(ceng)的監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)井(jing)。單(dan)(dan)管多層(ceng)(ceng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)井(jing)指(zhi)在一(yi)個(ge)(ge)鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔內(nei)安(an)裝單(dan)(dan)根井(jing)管監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)不(bu)同(tong)深(shen)度的兩個(ge)(ge)及(ji)(ji)兩個(ge)(ge)以上目(mu)(mu)標含(han)水層(ceng)(ceng)的監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)井(jing)。巢式監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)井(jing)指(zhi)在一(yi)個(ge)(ge)鉆(zhan)(zhan)孔中安(an)裝多根不(bu)同(tong)長度井(jing)管分(fen)別監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)不(bu)同(tong)深(shen)度的兩個(ge)(ge)及(ji)(ji)兩個(ge)(ge)以上目(mu)(mu)標含(han)水層(ceng)(ceng)的監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)井(jing)。叢(cong)式監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)井(jing)指(zhi)在一(yi)個(ge)(ge)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)點(dian)(場地、區域)附近分(fen)別鉆(zhan)(zhan)多個(ge)(ge)不(bu)同(tong)深(shen)度的監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)井(jing)，每個(ge)(ge)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)井(jing)分(fen)別監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)不(bu)同(tong)深(shen)度的目(mu)(mu)標含(han)水層(ceng)(ceng)。
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